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Internet censorship in China is extreme due to a wide variety of laws and administrative regulations. In accordance with these laws, more than sixty Internet regulations have been made by the government of China, which have been implemented by provincial branches of state-owned ISPs, companies, and organizations.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= II. How Censorship Works in China: A Brief Overview )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Chinese Laws and Regulations Regarding Internet )〕 The apparatus of China's Internet control is considered more extensive and more advanced than in any other country in the world. The governmental authorities not only block website content but also monitor the Internet access of individuals; such measures have attracted the derisive nickname "The Great Firewall of China." Amnesty International notes that China "has the largest recorded number of imprisoned journalists and cyber-dissidents in the world"〔("Background: Firewall of Shame" ), Global Internet Freedom Consortium, 2008. Retrieved 22 March 2014.〕 and Paris-based Reporters Without Borders stated in 2010 and 2012 that "China is the world's biggest prison for netizens."〔("Inside China" ), Miles Yu, ''Washington Times'', 8 February 2012. Retrieved 22 March 2014.〕〔("2012 Internet Enemies: China" ), Reporters Without Borders, 12 March 2012. Retrieved 22 March 2014.〕 The offences of which they are accused include communicating with groups abroad, signing online petitions, and calling for reform and an end to corruption. The escalation of the government's effort to neutralize critical online opinion comes after a series of large, anti-pollution, anti-corruption protests, and ethnic riots, many of which were organized or publicized using instant messaging services, chat rooms, and text messages. The size of the Chinese Internet police force was reported to be 2 million in 2013. Carrie Gracie wrote that local Chinese businesses such as Baidu, Tencent and Alibaba, some of the world's largest internet enterprises, benefited from the way China has blocked international rivals from the market, encouraging domestic competition.〔 ==Background== The political and ideological background of the Internet censorship is considered to be one of Deng Xiaoping's favorite sayings in the early 1980s: "If you open the window for fresh air, you have to expect some flies to blow in." The saying is related to a period of the economic reform of China that became known as the "socialist market economy". Superseding the political ideologies of the Cultural Revolution, the reform led China towards a market economy and opened up the market for foreign investors. Nonetheless the Communist Party of China has wished to protect its values and political ideas from "swatting flies" of other ideologies.〔R. MacKinnon “Flatter world and thicker walls? Blogs, censorship and civic discourse in China” Public Choice (2008) 134: p. 31–46, Springer〕 The Internet arrived in China in the year 1994 as an inevitable consequence of, and supporting tool for, the "socialist market economy". Since then, and with gradual increasing availability, the Internet has become a common communication platform and an important tool for sharing information. In 1998 the Communist Party of China feared the China Democracy Party (CDP) would breed a powerful new network that the party elites might not be able to control.〔Goldman, Merle Goldman. Gu, Edward X. () (2004). Chinese Intellectuals between State and Market. Routledge publishing. ISBN 0-415-32597-8〕 The CDP was immediately banned followed by arrests and imprisonment. That same year the "Golden Shield project" was started. The first part of the project lasted eight years and was completed in 2006. The second part began in 2006 and ended in 2008. On 6 December 2002, 300 people in charge of the Golden Shield project from 31 provinces and cities throughout China participated in a four-day inaugural "Comprehensive Exhibition on Chinese Information System".〔(首屆「2002年中國大型機構信息化展覽會」全國31省市金盾工程領導雲集 ) 〕 At the exhibition, many western high-tech products including Internet security, video monitoring and human face recognition were purchased. According to Amnesty International, around 30,000–50,000 internet police are employed to enforce Chinese internet laws. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Internet censorship in China」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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